How to Make Not Programmed Line Follower Robot

 Figure 1. Not Programmed Line Follower Robot (Source: Fahmizal_note)

'Robot Project 2012'. In the first project i want to share with you about How to Make Not Programmed Line Follower Robot. Not Programmed Line Follower Robot is Line Follower Robot which not use program from Microcontroller integrated circuit (IC). So, Not Programmed Line Follower Robot only use Analog electronic components and and several digital components. And not use microcontroller IC as programming.

Before you follow this article, i hope you know about electronic or digital circuit and schematic, because it is need that information. After you know about electronic and digital schematic so please go to the figure of Not Programmable Line Follower Robot bellow:

Figure 2. Not Programmed Line Follower Robot (Source: Fahmizal_note)

From the Picture above, we know that Not Programmed Line Follower Robot Arrange from 3 parts, they are Sensor, Comparator, and Driver Motor DC. For the sensor used Infra Red LED and photodioda as a light sensor, while Comparator using IC LM 324 as a voltage comparator and Driver Motor DC use H-Bridge driver transistors.

The Working Principle of Not Programmed Line Follower Robot

To know how Not programmed Line Follower Robot Works, we will discuss one by one from parts of this robot.

Line Sensor Works Principle

The sensor used consists of photo diodes. This sensor resistance value is reduced when exposed to light and worked on reverse bias conditions. Light sensor is used for superbright LEDs, this component has a very bright light, which is sufficient to supply light to the photo diode.

How it is works?

Figure 3. Not any Light to Sensor (Source: Fahmizal_note)

Figure 4. Any Light to Sensor (Source: Fahmizal_note)

1. If the photo diode is exposed to light, the resistance value will be large or can we assume infinite. So that current flows into the comparator is very small, or it can be assumed with a logic 0.
2. If the photo diode is exposed to light, the photo diode would be a source of voltage and resistance value will be small, so there will be currents flowing into the comparator and logic 1.

The Comparator Works Principle

Figure 5. Comparator Work Principle (Source: Fahmizal_note)

Comparator in this sequence using IC LM 324 which contains a series of Op Amp is used to compare the input from the sensor. Where input will be compared from the Op Amp IC LM 324 is a high pulsed output. So it is not necessary to pull up the output. This IC can work pad range of 3 volts to 30 volts and can work with the normal starting voltage of 6 volts.

In this series there are four LEDs, which serves as an indicator. To set tagangan in contrast, is connected Variable Resistor (VR) between the two OP Amp IC LM 324.

More Description:

► If there is no current flow from the sensor network to the network to the input voltage range is 0 volt, the effects on the IC a voltage at the terminal (+)> (-), the LED-A on, whereas in IC 2 instead LED -B off.

► If there is current flowing from the sensor network to the network the input voltage Vcc to the network approach, the effects on IC 2 tension in the terminal (+) <(-), the LED-B on, whereas in IC 1 rather then the LED-A off. 

 Condition between points A and B will always be a reversal.  

The Driver Motor DC Works Principle

Figure 6. Driver Motor DC Work Principle (Source: Fahmizal_note)

Driver is a circuit composed of transistors used to drive DC motors. Where the main components are installed according to the transistor characteristics.

At the time of input A logic 1, then there is current flowing in the circuit, resulting in transistors 1 and 4 on because it biases the base, so that the motor rotates. So that when the input A logic 1 then the input B will be logic 0, so the transistors 2 and 3 will be off.

At the time of input B logic 1, then there is current flowing in the circuit, resulting in transistors 2 and 3 on because it biases the base, so that the motor rotates but in the opposite direction.

How to Make Not Programmed Line Follower Robot

1. Prepare electronic components are be used to make Not Programmed Line Follower Robot. To know the components please see the figure 1. in schematic. 
2. Make design Layout PCB with size do you like.
3. Make real layout PCB using not dotted PCB. You can read several information about how to make layout PCB in several reference.
4. Pair the components in PCB and using soldering iron.
5. Pair sensor, comparator, and driver connected one by one like the schematic.
6. Pair the others material like wheel and battery in order to the schematic can work.
7. you can try how not programmed Line Follower Robot can work in the floor like Video bellow:

Video: Line Follower Robot Analog (Source: Youtube Fahmizal_note)

If do you want to make Not Programmed Line Follower Robot please follow the steps above and if you have some problem, please comment in here. maybe i will guide you. Thank for Fahmizal_Note for it is share.